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Iran military doctrine

Iran’s Army spokesman says the country has shifted its military doctrine from defensive to offensive. Brigadier General Mohammad Akrami-Nia said one of the manifestations of the change is Iran’s rapid response, referring to the swift retaliatory strikes right after the start of the US-Israeli war in late February. The Iranian general added that the shift also included preemptive operations during the war. He also said that Iranian armed forces are rebuilding damaged systems, adding new weapons and drones, and developing new tactics. Akrami-Nia noted that Iran is preparing for a wider, technology-driven conflict that could target regional energy and communications infrastructure if attacked again. He added that the new posture is aimed at strengthening deterrence against the United States. Separately, the Commander of Iran’s Army Air Defense Force said the military is expanding and upgrading its air defense capabilities based on lessons learned from recent conflicts. 

Damage to US intelligence site

An American media report says Iran’s retaliatory missile and drone strikes have caused unprecedented damage to US intelligence facilities and surveillance equipment across the West Asia region. According to an NBC News report, the damage to buildings and specialized surveillance equipment used by the CIA and other US intelligence agencies is more extensive than any previous destruction suffered by the agencies. Repair costs are expected to reach billions of dollars, with Congress identifying funds to restore the damaged facilities. The attacks have also prompted US officials to re-assess the deployment of personnel and intelligence resources across the region. Earlier, different assessments found damage to US military sites, including radars, satellite communications systems, hangars and runways. Following the beginning of the US-Israeli war on Iran, the armed forces of the Islamic Republic launched retaliatory strikes on American bases in the region as well as Israeli positions in the occupied Palestinian territories. 

US economic voews

US consumer confidence has fallen to its lowest level in seven months, with growing concerns about the economy and labor market weighing on households. According to the Conference Board, a US-based research group, the American consumer confidence index dropped 0.8 points to 89.4 in August, marking a second consecutive monthly decline. The Expectations Index, which measures consumers’ outlook for income, business and employment, fell sharply by 5.8 points, moving further into negative territory. The research group said consumers also became more pessimistic about job availability over the next six months. Meanwhile, inflation and interest rates remain major concerns, with average and median inflation expectations edging higher. The Conference Board findings show more than 61 percent of respondents expect interest rates to rise over the next year.

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